Establishment and capacity analysis of Hefei platelet donor bank with HPA and HLA high-resolution results / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a platelet donor database with HPA and HLA high resolution results in Hefei area, and to analyze the appropriate pool capacity, so as to provide support for patients with immune PTR transfusion difficulties. 【Methods】 The HPA-1-6, -10, -15 and 21 genotypes of 1157 voluntary blood donors in Hefei were analyzed by multiplex PCR and the frequencies were calculated. HLA-A, -B high resolution gene frequency and haplotype frequency in 1115 voluntary blood donors in Hefei were calculated using maximum expected value method. 【Results】 Hefei database of platelet donors was established according to the analysis of HPA and HLA high-resolution gene polymorphisms in Hefei population.In the donor pool with 1 157 cases of known genotypes HPA-1-6, -10, -15, -21, about 91% of patients can find an donor with full-matched HPA genotype. In the donor pool with 1 115 cases of known HLA-A, -B high-resolution genotype, the probability of finding at least one identical donor is about 60%. 【Conclusion】 The local-suitable database of platelet donors with known HPA and HLA genotypes in Hefei has been established. After analysis, this database basically meets the needs of patients with immune PTR to find suitable platelets.

Distribution and haplotype polymorphism of HLA-A、-B、-C、-DRB1、-DQB1 alleles in Anhui Han population / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the distribution and haplotype polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles in Anhui Han population. 【Methods】 The HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genotyping of 3 169 random unrelated stem cell donors was performed by PCR-SBT. The allele frequency, haplotype frequency and linkage imbalance parameters were calculated by counting method, maximum expectation algorithm and PyPop software. 【Results】 A total of 411 HLA alleles were detected in the population, of which 67, 143, 65, 75 and 64 alleles were detected for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1, respectively. The alleles with frequency >0.1 were HLA-A*11∶01, A*11∶01, A*24∶02, A*02∶01, C*01∶02, C*07∶02, C*06∶02, DRB1*09∶01, DRB1*15∶01, DRB1*07∶01, DQB1* 03∶01, DQB1* 03∶03, and DQB1*02∶01. 1426 HLA-A~HLA-B, 1 772 HLA-B~HLA-DRB1, 798 HLA-B~HLA-C, and 446 HLA-DRB1~HLA-DQB1 haplotypes were detected. The haplotypes showed linkage imbalance, and 19 of them showed strong linkage imbalance (RLD>0.80). 【Conclusion】 The frequency and haplotype distribution of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in Anhui Han population were obtained. The distribution of those alleles and haplotypes have their own characteristics.

Magnolol exerts anti-asthmatic effects by regulating Janus kinase-signal transduction and activation of transcription and Notch signaling pathways and modulating Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in ovalbumin-sensitized asthmatic mice

Allergic asthma, is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airway presenting with airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling. T helper cells-derived cytokines are critically associated with asthma pathogenesis. Janus kinase-signal transduction and activation of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling is found to be involved in asthma. Magnolol is a plant-derived bioactive compound with several pharmacological effects. The study aimed to assess the effects of magnolol in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic model. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Magnolol (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight) was administered to separate groups of animals. Dexamethasone was used as the positive control. Cellular infiltration into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were reduced on magnolol treatment. The levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokines were reduced with noticeably raised levels of interferon gamma. Lung function was improved effectively along with restoration of bronchial tissue architecture. OVA-specific immunoglobulin E levels in serum and BALF were decreased by magnolol. Magnolol reduced Th17 cell population and effectively modulated the JAK-STAT and Notch 1 signaling. The results suggest the promising use of magnolol in therapy for allergic asthma.

Relationship between self-reported chronic disease and smoking behavior in men aged 18 to 69 in Jiangsu Province / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between self-reported chronic disease and smoking behavior among adult males in Jiangsu Province. Methods In 2007, 2010, and 2013 respectively, a multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select residents from 14 adult chronic diseases and their risk factor surveillance sites in Jiangsu Province to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of chronic diseases, smoking and smoking cessation behaviors among men aged 18 to 69 years. Results A total of 8 313 men aged 18 to 69 years had a self-reported prevalence of 1.5%, 1.1%, 1.5%, and 2.8% for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignancies, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively.The self-reported prevalence of all four chronic diseases was higher in ex-smokers than in current smokers and non-smokers (all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the quit rate was of those suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignancies, asthma, and COPD, respectively 3.356 times (95% CI: 1.966-5.728), 3.864 times (95% CI: 2.277-6.555), 2.103 times (95% CI: 1.321-3.345), and 2.586 times (95% CI: 1.872-3.573) higher, than those without. Conclusion Smoking cessation rates were significantly higher of those with chronic disease than those without, suggesting that illness would promote smoking cessation behaviors among smokers.

Effect of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, which are uncorrelated with underlying coronary artery disease or hypertension. As an important metabolic organelle, mitochondria directly involve the process of cell growth, proliferation, signal transduction, apoptosis and so on. Recent studies have demonstrated a close correlation between the mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The underlying effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy involve disturbed metabolism, oxidative stress, defective calcium handling, mitochondrial uncoupling, apoptosis, imbalance of mitochondrial quality control and regulation of MicroRNAs. Traditional Chinese medicines have been widely applied in clinic. Nowadays, more and more herbs of extracts of traditional Chinese medicines have been proved to ameliorate diabetic myocardial injury. Because the improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, this review summarizes these effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy, and discusses the intervention studies of traditional Chinese medicine in the field, in expectation to provide new ideas for DCM prevention and treatment.

cts of prenatal exposure of 850-1900MHz mobile phone on the expression of PCNA and DCX in dentate gyrus of offspring rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of prenatal mobile phone exposure on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) in dentate gyrus of offspring rats.@*METHODS@#The rat model of prenatal mobile phone exposure was established and there were three groups including control group, short term maternal exposure group and long term maternal exposure group(=6). From pregnant day 1 to day 17, pregnant rats in long term and short term maternal exposure group were exposed to an mobile phone in talking mode for 6 h/d and 24 h/d, respectively. Length of pregnancy, maternal body weight gain, litter size and pup's body weight were observed. The cell morphology in dentate gyrus of offspring rats at the age of 1 month was studied by cresyl violet staining. The immunohistochemical expression of PCNA and DCX in dentate gyrus of rat offspring were detected, and the expression of DCX and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus of rat offspring were evaluated by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#There was no difference in length of pregnancy, maternal body weight gain, litter size and pup's body weight among three groups. The morphological changes of pyramidal cells in the polymorphic layer and DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were obvious in rat offspring of long term maternal exposure group. There were less PCNA-positive cells in dentate gyrus and decreased expression of DCX and BDNF in hippocampus by Western blot in long term maternal exposure group compared with control and short term maternal exposure group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Long term prenatal mobile phone exposure might inhibit the expression of PCNA and DCX in dentate gyrus of rat offspring by down-regulating BDNF.

A Knowledge Survey on Heart Failure Guidelines in Physicians / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To conduct a knowledge survey on heart failure (HF) guidelines for HF diagnosis and treatment in physicians in China. Methods: A questionnaire including15 multiple-choice and 10 blank-filling questions was developed based on Chinese HF diagnosis and treatment guidelines 2014. The survey was conducted in physicians who registered at Chinese HF study from 88 hospitals in China and the knowledge level was presented by the correction rate of questionnaire survey. Results: A total of 2146 physicians finished the survey including 56.2％ female and 43.8％ male with the mean age of (35.6±7.6) years. The ratios of resident, attending physician, associate chief physician and chief physician were 28.2％, 43.6％, 20.3％ and 7.9％ respectively; the ratios of cardiovascular specialists, physician and general practitioners were 62.1％, 28.8％and 9.1％ respectively. Physicians from community hospital, 2nd grade hospital and 3rd grade hospital were 5.4％, 26.5％, and 68.2％ respectively. The correct answer for 15 multiple-choice questions was only 32.6％ and for 10 blank-filling questions regarding the target doses of anti-HF drugs was 42.5％. Physicians with the higher professional title had greater awareness of HF guidelines than those with the lower title, P<0.001. The compliance and command to HF guidelines were different among hospital levels, P<0.001; the command to HF prevention and treatment were different among physicians in different practice scopes, P<0.001. Conclusion: The knowledge for HF diagnosis and treatment had deficiency in physicians in China, further systemically study should be enforced.

A Knowledge Survey on Heart Failure Guidelines in Physicians / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To conduct a knowledge survey on heart failure (HF) guidelines for HF diagnosis and treatment in physicians in China. Methods: A questionnaire including15 multiple-choice and 10 blank-filling questions was developed based on Chinese HF diagnosis and treatment guidelines 2014. The survey was conducted in physicians who registered at Chinese HF study from 88 hospitals in China and the knowledge level was presented by the correction rate of questionnaire survey. Results: A total of 2146 physicians finished the survey including 56.2％ female and 43.8％ male with the mean age of (35.6±7.6) years. The ratios of resident, attending physician, associate chief physician and chief physician were 28.2％, 43.6％, 20.3％ and 7.9％ respectively; the ratios of cardiovascular specialists, physician and general practitioners were 62.1％, 28.8％and 9.1％ respectively. Physicians from community hospital, 2nd grade hospital and 3rd grade hospital were 5.4％, 26.5％, and 68.2％ respectively. The correct answer for 15 multiple-choice questions was only 32.6％ and for 10 blank-filling questions regarding the target doses of anti-HF drugs was 42.5％. Physicians with the higher professional title had greater awareness of HF guidelines than those with the lower title, P<0.001. The compliance and command to HF guidelines were different among hospital levels, P<0.001; the command to HF prevention and treatment were different among physicians in different practice scopes, P<0.001. Conclusion: The knowledge for HF diagnosis and treatment had deficiency in physicians in China, further systemically study should be enforced.

Study on prevalence and mutation of amino acid sequence in S gene of OBI blood donors in three blood centers in China / 中国输血杂志

Objective To study the prevalence of the occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) and the mutation of amino acid sequence in S gene of voluntary blood donors in AnHui/FuJian/Jiang Xi Province Blood centers.Methods Serologic testing for anti-HBc by ELISA was performed with HBsAg-HBV DNA+ samples from voluntary blood donors in three province blood centers.The S region of HBV of those samples was amplified and sequenced.The genotype and mutation of amino acid sequence were analyzed by MEGA6.Results 21 in 123046 blood donors from AnHui Province blood center were HBsAgHBV DNA+,the prevalence of OBI was 0.017％,and 76.2％ of these-OBI samples was positive in anti-HBc,S region was amplified by nest-PCR in 15 OBI samples,8 of them were B genotype,the others were C genotype.39 samples of 51 OBI blood donors from FuJian Province blood center were anti-HBc positive,16 samples of those OBI donors were amplified S region,14 were B genotype,the others were C genotype.There are 30 OBI blood donors from JiangXi Province blood center,24 of them were anti-HBc positive,S region was amplified in 4 samples,1 was B genotype,the others were C genotype.Of all 35 OBI samples,26 showed amino acid mutation,which was in MHR region of S gene,especially in HBV α epitope.Conclusion The rate of prevalence of OBI in AnHui Province was 0.017％,there was also certain OBI infection in FuJian and JiangXi Province.In the OBI samples which were amplified S region,the positive rates of anti-HBc in three blood centers were 73.3％,93.8％,100％.B Genotype was the main HBV genotype.The mutation in MHR region of S gene,especially in HBV α epitope,may be one of the reasons to cause OBI.

Triterpenoids from roots of Rosa laevigata / 中国中药杂志

To study the triterpenoids from the roots of Rosa laevigata. The silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents from the roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. HPLC was used to analyze its purity, chemical and spectroscopy methods were used to determine their structures. 12 constituents were isolated and identified as(2R, 19R)methyl 2-acetyloxy-19- hydroxyl-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-carboxylate(1), pomonic acid (2), 18, 19-seco, 2α, 3α-dihydroxy-19-oxo-urs-11, 13(18)-dien-28-oic acid(3), swinhoeic acid (4), myrianthic acid(5), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-24-oxo-urs-12-en-oic acid (6), tormentic acid(7), arjunic acid (8), 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid(9), quadranoside Ⅷ (10), alpinoside(11), rubuside B (12). Compounds 1-4, 6, 9, 11-12 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2-4, 6, 11-12 were obtained from the genus Rosa for the first time.

Clinical significance of homocysteine level detection before and after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharynx cancer / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of detecting the homocysteine (Hcy) level by enzymatic cycling as‐say before and after radiotherapy in nasopharynx cancer .Methods 62 cases of definitely diagnosed nasopharynx cancer in our hos‐pital from September 2013 to September 2014 were included into the observation group and 60 individuals undergoing the physical examination were enrolled as the control group .The venous blood was collected once in the control group and was collected before radiotherapy and at 1 week ,1 month after the radiotherapy beginning in the observation group .The enzymatic cycling assay was used to test the Hcy level .Then the detection results were compared between the two groups .Results The Hcy level had no statis‐tically significantly difference among different stages of nasopharynx cancer before radiotherapy (F= 0 .15 ,P= 0 .86) .The Hcy level before radiotherapy and at 1 week after radiotherapy in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (t= - 12 .1 ,P< 0 .05 ;t= - 7 .32 ,P= 0 .00) .The Hcy level at 1 month after radio‐therapy in the observation group had no statistical difference compared with that in the control group (t= - 1 .45 ,P = 0 .15) .The Hcy level at 1 week and 1 month after radiotherapy in the observation group was significantly reduced ,which showed statistical difference compared with before radiotherapy (t= - 5 .22 ,P= 0 .00 ;t= - 13 .56 ,P= 0 .00) .Conclusion The Hcy level in the pa‐tients with nasopharynx cancer is significantly increased ,whereas with the conducting radiotherapy ,which shows the decreasing trend ,indicating that the Hcy level has certain guidance value for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharynx cancer ,but the Hcy level has no obvious difference among different stages of nasopharynx cancer .

Prevalence of Hyponatremia and the Relationship Between Hyponatremia and Prognosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy for In-hospital Patients / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hyponatremia and the relationship between hyponatremia and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) for in-hospital patients. Methods: A total of 515 consecutive in-hospital DCM patients treated in HF center of Fu Wai Hospifal from 2008-10 to 2013-10 were retrospectively studied. Hyponatremia was deifned as the serum level of sodium 6 months vs≤ months ), NYHA functional classiifcation (Ⅱ-Ⅳ), SBP (per 10 mmHg elevation), total bilirubin level (per 1 mg/dl change) and LVEDD (per 5 mm change), the hyponatremia at admission is still one of the important independent predictors for all cause death (HR=1.836, 95% CI (1.248-2.702),P<0.01 and HF worsening death HR=2.139, 95% CI (1.406-3.253),P<0.01 in DCM patients after discharge. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder for in-hospital DCM patients, it is related to longer in-hospital time and higher mortality; higher rates of all cause death and HF worsening death after discharge in DCM patients.

Prevalence and Predictor Analysis of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling in Patients With Primary Hypertension Combining Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and predictor for left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) in patients of primary hypertension combining left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) with tailored medication. Methods: A total of 118 consecutive patients admitted in our unit from 2010-08 to 2012-10 with the base line left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤40%were enrolled. The demographic and clinical information with the findings of echocardiography at admission were collected. The patients were followed-up until 2013-12 or until the all cause death/cardiac transplantation. According to echocardiography, LVRR was deifned by 2 criteria at the same time:①the absolute elevation of LVEF≥10%than base line and the follow-up LVEF≥50%,②the relative reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) index≥10%than base line and the follow-up LVEDD index≤27 mm/m2. LVRR prevalence with its base line predictor was investigated. Results: The overall mean follow-up time was (23 ± 15) months, and 39/118 (33.1%) patients acquired LVRR as LVEF from the base line level (30.6 ± 6.8)%increased to the follow-up level (57.0 ± 4.9)%;LVEDD index from the base line level (31.6 ± 3.9) mm/m2 decreased to the follow-up level (24.4 ± 1.9) mm/m2, all P6 months vs≤6 months (OR=0.244, P Conclusion:With tailored medication, about 1/3 of patients with hypertension combining LVSD could acquire LVRR, the patients with shorter duration of HF, shorter QRS interval and higher ratio of SBP/LVEDD index had more possibilities.

Expression of mast cell tryptase in scar / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and distribution of mast cell tryptase (MCT) in scar, and to discuss the different MCT gene expression in keloid, hypertrophic scar and normal skin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>20 samples of keloid, 20 samples of hypertrophic scar and 20 samples of normal skin were collected. The distribution of MCT was investigated by immunofluorescence histochemistry, and the MCT mRNA expression was detected by Relative Quantification real-time fluorescent PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MCT gene was mainly located in the collagen fiber bundles of the scar, especially in the superficial layer of scar. MCT mRNA expression was significantly higher in keloid than that in hypertrophic scar and normal skin (P < 0.01). Averagely, the MCT gene expression in keloid was 2.5 times and 5.4 times of that in hypertrophic scar and normal skin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MCT gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of scar.</p>

Association of pre-transplant serum level of anti-endothelial cell antibody with acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the pre-transplant serum level of anti-endothelial cell antibody(AECA)in kidney allograft recipients and its impact on the episode of acute rejection (AR) within 6 months after transplantation. Methods A total of 495 kidney allograft recipients with pre-transplant serum between December 1998 and August 2003 in our center and 40 healthy controls(negative controls)were enrolled in the study.Clinical data including AR within 6 months after transplantation were analyzed retrospectively.The serum AECA level was measured by cyto-ELISA using EA.hy926 cells as substrate,which was shown as the ratio of P (patient)/N (negative control)=(A_(petient)-A_(blank contrnal)/(A_(negative contral)-A_(blank contral).AECA was considered positive when P/N value Was greater than the average A_(negative control)value plus two times the standard deviation.Results Positive rate of AECA was 18.8%(93/495).AECA level in hemodialysis patients who had been on hemodialysis more than 12 months was 1.43±0.37,greater than those less than 12 months(1.27± 0.32,P=0.013)and those of non-dialyzed patients(1.31±0.32,P=0.029).Correlation coeffieient between AECA level and hemodialysis duration was 0.218 (P=0.018).AR incidence in AECA positive recipients was 38.7%,greater than that in AECA negative recipients (23.4%,P=0.002). Incidence of acute T cell-mediated rejection and acute antibody-mediated rejction increased significantly (P=0.035,P=0.002 respectively).Multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that AECA positive,PRA greater than 1 0%and high CDC level were risk factors of AR with odds ratio of 2.056,1.751 and 1.764 respectively(P=0.004,0.029,0.050). Conclusions The AECA positive in pre-transplant serum indicates the elevated risk of acute allograft rejection.The AECA level increases with prolonged hemodialysis duration.

Effects of interleukin 21 on anti-leukemia activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by dendritic cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the effects of interleukin 21 (IL-21) on the anti-leukemia activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced by dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. The peripheral mononuclear cells from leukemia patients in complete remission were cultured with the specific cytokines to induce the production of DCs. The DCs loaded with RNA from autologous leukemic cells as antigen, and co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes to get leukemia specific CTL. The cytotoxic activity of CTL against autologous leukemic cells was measured by LDH release method. The concentration of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the culture supernatant was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The effects of IL-21 on the mature DCs were also studied by the measurement of the phenotype of DC and the allogenic mixed lymphocytic reactions induced by DCs. Experiments were divided into 2 groups: test group in which IL-21 (200 ng/ml) was added in coculture of DC/CTL and control group in which no IL-21 (200 ng/ml) was added. The results showed that when cultured with IL-21, the quantity of CTL increased from (56.73 +/- 10.21)% (control group) to (73.43 +/- 18.01)% (p < 0.01); The concentration of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the culture supernatant increased from (154.91 +/- 67.20) ng/L (control group) to (310.62 +/- 141.15) ng/L (p < 0.01) and from (8.77 +/- 5.09) microg/L (control group) to (15.25 +/- 6.56) microg/L (p < 0.01) respectively. At the effector: target ratio of 20:1, the cytotoxic activity against autologous leukemic cells by CTL increased from (50.22 +/- 5.07)% (control group) to (75.38 +/- 9.47)% (p < 0.01). IL-21 had neither effect on the phenotype (CD1a, CD83, CD86, CD80 and HLA-DR) of mature DCs nor the allogeneic mixed lymphocytic reactions induced by DCs. It is concluded that IL-21 can strengthen the proliferation of CTL, and improve the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, thus enhance the anti-leukemia activity of CTL. Nevertheless, there is no effect of IL-21 on the function of mature DCs. These data indicate that IL-21 has a potential clinical value in the enhancement of anti-leukemia immunotherapy.

Micro-CT evaluation and histological analysis of screw-bone interface of expansive pedicle screw in osteoporotic sheep / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the properties of screw-bone interface of expansive pedicle screw (EPS) in osteoporotic sheep by micro-CT and histological observation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six female sheep with bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis were employed in this experiment. After EPS insertion in each femoral condyle, the sheep were randomly divided into two groups: 3 sheep were bred for 3 months (Group A), while the other 3 were bred for 6 months (Group B). After the animals being killed, the femoral condyles with EPS were obtained, which were three-dimensionally-imaged and reconstructed by micro-CT. Histological evaluation was made thereafter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The trabecular microstructure was denser at the screw-bone interface than in the distant parts in expansive section, especially within the spiral marking. In the non-expansive section, however, there was no significant difference between the interface and the distant parts. The regions of interest (ROI) adjacent to EPS were reconstructed and analyzed by micro-CT with the same thresholds. The three-dimensional (3-D) parameters, including tissue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BVF, BV/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV) ratio, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), were significantly better in expansive sections than non-expansive sections (P less than 0.05). Histologically, newly-formed bony trabeculae crawled along the expansive fissures and into the center of EPS. The newly-formed bones, as well as the bones at the bone-screw interface, closely contacted with the EPS and constructed four compartments.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The findings of the current study, based on micro-CT and histological evaluation, suggest that EPS can significantly provide stabilization in osteoporotic cancellous bones.</p>

Prophylaxis of pulmonary infection by compound sulfamethoxazole combined with ganciclovir in kidney transplant recipients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of compound sulfamethoxazole (SMZco)combined with ganciclovir on severe pulmonary infection in the early stage of renal transplantation. Methods Between January 2005 and January 2006,two hundred and forty renal allograft patients in our hospital were enrolled in this study.All the patients were divided into two groups.Group A(n=84)received oral SMZco combined with intravenous ganciclovir.Group B(n=156)received intravenous ganciclovir only as control.According to the time of SMZco administration,group A was divided into two subgroups:group A1(within 2weeks after transplantation,n=43)and group A2(more than 2 weeks after transplantation,n=41).All the patients were followed up for 9 months.Incidence of pulmonary infection and effects on graft function by SMZco at different time point were investigated. Results The incidence of severe pulmonary infection and mortality of infection were significantly lower in group A than those in group B (2/84 vs 16/156,P=0.027;0/2 vs 2/16,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of age,gender,warm or cold ischemia,complement dependent cytotoxieity test results,incidence of urinary infection and Scr.The incidence of elevatedScr was significantly lower in group A2 than that in group A1(15/43 vs 2/41,P＜0.01),however,all the elevated Scr returned to basal level within 1 week after SMZco was discontinued.Conclusions Oral SMZco combined with ganciclovir administration after renal transplantation is effective on preventing severe pulmonary infection and thus improves graft and recipient survival.The administration of oral SMZco initiated more than 2 weeks after transplantation is better for graft function.

Study on climate regionalization of Artemisia annuua in Guangxi / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the major effective factors under the climatic conditions of Guangxi which influence artemisinin content, in order to determine the best planting region.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The correlation, the gradually regression analysis with the statistical analysis system, the geography space analysis and the regionalization with GIS were used for the study.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>The temperature and the sunshine-hour were the major effective factors to artemisinin content, followed by the rainfall amount, the humidity showed less influence, and wind speed had no effect; And the climatic factors of seedling stage and the flowering season were the most influences to the artemisinin content. The artemisinin content was higher during the flowering season, in the region of temperature relatively lower and the rainfall amount smaller. The knoll and the mountainous region in northeast and southwest of Guangxi is the best suitable region for the Artemisia annua planting. The plain area in the southeast and middle of Guangxi is the not suitable region; Other areas are suitable regions for the A. annua planting.</p>

Statistical analysis of residues of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the residues of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data of Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg collected in literatures. And, Green Trade Standards of Importing & Exporting Medicinal Plants & Preparations was used as the standard to evaluate the pollution condition of Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg in Chinese crude drugs.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Chinese crude drugs were contaminated by heavy metals in different levels. The content of Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg exceeded the limit of the standard and the percentage was 21.0%, 12.0%, 9.7%, 28.5%, 6.9%, respectively; the phenomena of two, three and four metals exceeding limited standard simultaneity in a drug were also found and the percentage was 4.6%, 1.5%, 0.7%, respectively; the content of heavy metals in Radix Platycodi, Radix Asari and Rhizoma Coptidis was higher among the thirty-six Chinese crude drugs; All of the content of five heavy metals in Barbary Fructus Lycii Rhizoma Anemones Raddeanae, Radix Panacis Quiquefolii and Fructus Aurantii were below the limit; The pollution levels of heavy metals in different locality were different; The content of Cu, Pb in cultivated Chinese crude drugs was higher than that in wild Chinese crude drugs, while the content of As in wild Chinese crude drugs was higher than that in cultivated Chinese crude drugs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pollution levels of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs were detailed reported in this paper. And it provided ways for the further study of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs.</p>